AI & Data Governance Glossary

A

Air-Gap Deployment

A security measure where systems operate in complete isolation from external networks. ArcaQ supports full air-gap deployment with CPU-optimized LLMs that require no internet connectivity.

AI Agent

An autonomous software component that perceives its environment, makes decisions, and takes actions to achieve specific goals. ArcaQ uses 7 specialized AI agents working in orchestration.

Audit Trail

A chronological record of all actions and decisions made by a system. ArcaQ provides immutable audit trails with complete data lineage for regulatory compliance.

C

CAG (Certified Augmented Generation)

ArcaQ's patented architecture that eliminates AI hallucinations. Unlike RAG, CAG first executes SPARQL queries on certified Knowledge Graphs, then the LLM only formats verified facts. Achieves 99.9% semantic precision.

CNDP

Commission Nationale de contrôle de la protection des Données à caractère Personnel - Morocco's data protection authority, equivalent to GDPR enforcement bodies.

Compliance Automation

Automated enforcement of regulatory requirements. ArcaQ's Shield Agent handles 75+ regulations across 60+ jurisdictions automatically.

CrewAI

A framework for orchestrating role-playing AI agents. ArcaQ uses CrewAI for coordinating its 7 specialized agents.

D

Data Catalog

An organized inventory of data assets in an organization. ArcaQ recommends OpenMetadata as the data catalog layer, with ArcaQ adding semantic reasoning capabilities.

Data Lineage

The ability to trace data from its origin through all transformations to its current state. ArcaQ provides complete upstream and downstream lineage tracking (Patent Claim 25).

Data Sovereignty

The principle that data is subject to the laws and governance of the nation where it is collected or processed. ArcaQ ensures data sovereignty through 100% on-premise deployment.

Decision Intelligence

The discipline of transforming data into actionable decisions using AI, analytics, and domain expertise. ArcaQ is a Sovereign Decision Intelligence platform.

E

Embeddings

Dense vector representations of data (text, images) that capture semantic meaning. ArcaQ uses embeddings for semantic search combined with Knowledge Graph reasoning.

Explainable AI (XAI)

AI systems that can explain their reasoning and decisions. ArcaQ's CAG architecture provides complete explainability through SPARQL query traces.

G

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation - EU regulation on data protection and privacy. ArcaQ's Shield Agent ensures GDPR compliance automatically.

GraphRAG

An enhanced RAG approach that uses knowledge graphs instead of vector databases for more accurate and explainable retrieval.

H

Hallucination

When AI generates false or fabricated information. Standard RAG systems have 15-20% hallucination rates. ArcaQ's CAG architecture eliminates hallucinations by constraining LLM output to certified facts.

K

Knowledge Graph

A graph-structured data model that represents entities and their relationships using nodes and edges. ArcaQ uses Apache Jena TDB2 for its knowledge graph implementation.

Knowledge Triplet

The basic unit of a knowledge graph: Subject-Predicate-Object (e.g., "ArcaQ - isBuiltIn - Morocco"). ArcaQ's Brain-Ingestion Agent extracts 10,000+ triplets per day.

L

LLM (Large Language Model)

AI models trained on vast text data to understand and generate human language. ArcaQ uses local LLMs for on-premise deployment with CPU optimization.

M

MCP (Model Context Protocol)

A standard protocol for AI model connectivity. ArcaQ's Connect Agent implements MCP with 24+ connectors for databases, APIs, and enterprise systems.

Multi-Agent System

An AI architecture using multiple specialized agents working together. ArcaQ's 7 agents (Connect, Shield, Vault, Brain, Refinery, Brain-Ingestion, Semantic Builder) form a multi-agent system.

O

On-Premise

Software deployed on local infrastructure rather than in the cloud. ArcaQ is 100% on-premise, meaning all data processing happens within your data center.

Ontology

A formal representation of knowledge as a set of concepts and relationships. ArcaQ uses OWL 2 ontologies for semantic reasoning.

OWL (Web Ontology Language)

A semantic web language for representing ontologies. ArcaQ supports OWL 2 for advanced reasoning capabilities.

P

PII (Personally Identifiable Information)

Data that can identify an individual. ArcaQ's Shield Agent uses Microsoft Presidio for automatic PII detection and masking.

Provenance

The origin and history of data. ArcaQ tracks complete provenance including source URI, extraction timestamp, confidence score, and validator ID.

R

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

A technique that retrieves relevant documents to augment LLM generation. Standard RAG has 15-20% hallucination rates. ArcaQ's CAG improves upon RAG with certified knowledge.

RDF (Resource Description Framework)

A W3C standard for data interchange on the web. ArcaQ uses RDF as the foundation of its knowledge graph.

ReBAC (Relationship-Based Access Control)

An authorization model based on relationships between users and resources. ArcaQ implements ReBAC using OpenFGA with 250+ policies.

S

SCAG Filter

Sovereign Contextual Alignment Gate - ArcaQ's patented 4-layer semantic filter: L1 Legal (data protection), L2 Hierarchical (ReBAC), L3 Cultural (institutional values), L4 Intangible (strategic secrets).

Semantic Search

Search that understands meaning and context, not just keywords. ArcaQ combines semantic search with knowledge graph reasoning for superior accuracy.

Sovereign AI

AI systems deployed with complete data sovereignty - 100% on-premise with no cloud dependencies. The core principle behind ArcaQ's architecture.

SPARQL

A query language for RDF knowledge graphs. ArcaQ uses SPARQL 1.1 for querying its knowledge graph with sub-second response times.

T

Temporal.io

A workflow orchestration platform for durable execution. ArcaQ uses Temporal.io to orchestrate its 7 AI agents.

Triplet

See Knowledge Triplet.

V

Vector Database

A database optimized for storing and querying vector embeddings. ArcaQ uses PgVector for hybrid search combining vectors with knowledge graph reasoning.

Z

Zero Trust

A security model that requires verification for every access request. ArcaQ implements zero trust with ReBAC authorization and continuous validation.